Density

Functions related to density and specific volume.

These are a subset of the TEOS-10 table category “specific volume, density, and enthalpy”.

We are grouping the functions related to enthalpy and internal energy in their own “energy” module.

gsw.density.alpha(SA, CT, p)

Calculates the thermal expansion coefficient of seawater with respect to Conservative Temperature using the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

alphaarray-like, 1/K

thermal expansion coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (2.18.3) of this TEOS-10 manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.alpha_on_beta(SA, CT, p)

Calculates alpha divided by beta, where alpha is the thermal expansion coefficient and beta is the saline contraction coefficient of seawater from Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

alpha_on_betaarray-like, g kg^-1 K^-1

thermal expansion coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature divided by the saline contraction coefficient at constant Conservative Temperature

Notes

Note that the 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See appendix A.20 and appendix K of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2014: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling.

gsw.density.beta(SA, CT, p)

Calculates the saline (i.e. haline) contraction coefficient of seawater at constant Conservative Temperature using the computationally-efficient 75-term expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

betaarray-like, kg/g

saline contraction coefficient at constant Conservative Temperature

Notes

Note that the 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (2.19.3) of this TEOS-10 manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.kappa(SA, CT, p)

Calculates the isentropic compressibility of seawater. This function has inputs of Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

kappaarray-like, 1/Pa

isentropic compressibility of seawater

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (2.17.1) of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.rho(SA, CT, p)

Calculates in-situ density from Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature, using the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

rhoarray-like, kg/m^3

in-situ density

Notes

Note that potential density with respect to reference pressure, pr, is obtained by calling this function with the pressure argument being pr (i.e. “gsw_rho(SA,CT,pr)”).

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See appendix A.20 and appendix K of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling, 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.rho_alpha_beta(SA, CT, p)

Calculates in-situ density, the appropriate thermal expansion coefficient and the appropriate saline contraction coefficient of seawater from Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

rhoarray-like, kg/m^3

in-situ density

alphaarray-like, 1/K

thermal expansion coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature

betaarray-like, kg/g

saline (i.e. haline) contraction coefficient at constant Conservative Temperature

Notes

Note that potential density (pot_rho) with respect to reference pressure p_ref is obtained by calling this function with the pressure argument being p_ref as in [pot_rho, ~, ~] = gsw_rho_alpha_beta(SA,CT,p_ref).

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See appendix A.20 and appendix K of this TEOS-10 Manual.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.rho_t_exact(SA, t, p)

Calculates in-situ density of seawater from Absolute Salinity and in-situ temperature. Note that the output, rho, is density, not density anomaly; that is, 1000 kg/m^3 is not subtracted from it.

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

tarray-like

In-situ temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

rho_t_exactarray-like, kg/m^3

in-situ density (not density anomaly)

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See section 2.8 of this TEOS-10 Manual.

gsw.density.sigma0(SA, CT)

Calculates potential density anomaly with reference pressure of 0 dbar, this being this particular potential density minus 1000 kg/m^3. This function has inputs of Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

Returns:

sigma0array-like, kg/m^3

potential density anomaly with respect to a reference pressure of 0 dbar, that is, this potential density - 1000 kg/m^3.

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (A.30.1) of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.sigma1(SA, CT)

Calculates potential density anomaly with reference pressure of 1000 dbar, this being this particular potential density minus 1000 kg/m^3. This function has inputs of Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

Returns:

sigma1array-like, kg/m^3

potential density anomaly with respect to a reference pressure of 1000 dbar, that is, this potential density - 1000 kg/m^3.

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (A.30.1) of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.sigma2(SA, CT)

Calculates potential density anomaly with reference pressure of 2000 dbar, this being this particular potential density minus 1000 kg/m^3. Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

Returns:

sigma2array-like, kg/m^3

potential density anomaly with respect to a reference pressure of 2000 dbar, that is, this potential density - 1000 kg/m^3.

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (A.30.1) of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.sigma3(SA, CT)

Calculates potential density anomaly with reference pressure of 3000 dbar, this being this particular potential density minus 1000 kg/m^3. Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

Returns:

sigma3array-like, kg/m^3

potential density anomaly with respect to a reference pressure of 3000 dbar, that is, this potential density - 1000 kg/m^3.

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (A.30.1) of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.sigma4(SA, CT)

Calculates potential density anomaly with reference pressure of 4000 dbar, this being this particular potential density minus 1000 kg/m^3. Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

Returns:

sigma4array-like, kg/m^3

potential density anomaly with respect to a reference pressure of 4000 dbar, that is, this potential density - 1000 kg/m^3.

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (A.30.1) of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.sound_speed(SA, CT, p)

Calculates the speed of sound in seawater. This function has inputs of Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

sound_speedarray-like, m/s

speed of sound in seawater

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (2.17.1) of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.specvol(SA, CT, p)

Calculates specific volume from Absolute Salinity, Conservative Temperature and pressure, using the computationally-efficient 75-term polynomial expression for specific volume (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

specvolarray-like, m^3/kg

specific volume

Notes

Note that the 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 20, 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

This software is available from https://www.teos-10.org/

gsw.density.specvol_alpha_beta(SA, CT, p)

Calculates specific volume, the appropriate thermal expansion coefficient and the appropriate saline contraction coefficient of seawater from Absolute Salinity and Conservative Temperature. This function uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume in terms of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015).

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

specvolarray-like, m/kg

specific volume

alphaarray-like, 1/K

thermal expansion coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature

betaarray-like, kg/g

saline (i.e. haline) contraction coefficient at constant Conservative Temperature

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See appendix A.20 and appendix K of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.

gsw.density.specvol_anom_standard(SA, CT, p)

Calculates specific volume anomaly from Absolute Salinity, Conservative Temperature and pressure. It uses the computationally-efficient expression for specific volume as a function of SA, CT and p (Roquet et al., 2015). The reference value to which the anomaly is calculated has an Absolute Salinity of SSO and Conservative Temperature equal to 0 degrees C.

Parameters:

SAarray-like

Absolute Salinity, g/kg

CTarray-like

Conservative Temperature (ITS-90), degrees C

parray-like

Sea pressure (absolute pressure minus 10.1325 dbar), dbar

Returns:

specvol_anomarray-like, m^3/kg

specific volume anomaly

Notes

Note that this 75-term equation has been fitted in a restricted range of parameter space, and is most accurate inside the “oceanographic funnel” described in McDougall et al. (2003). The GSW library function “gsw_infunnel(SA,CT,p)” is available to be used if one wants to test if some of one’s data lies outside this “funnel”.

References

IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp. Available from https://www.teos-10.org/ See Eqn. (3.7.3) of this TEOS-10 Manual.

McDougall, T.J., D.R. Jackett, D.G. Wright and R. Feistel, 2003: Accurate and computationally efficient algorithms for potential temperature and density of seawater. J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech., 20, pp. 730-741.

Roquet, F., G. Madec, T.J. McDougall, P.M. Barker, 2015: Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard. Ocean Modelling., 90, pp. 29-43.